DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is an essential component of the internet that converts human-readable domain names like www.example.com into IP addresses. This conversion process allows your web browser to connect to the correct server and display the correct website.
The DNS system consists of a network of servers that convert domain names to IP addresses through a hierarchical naming structure. The top-level domain (TLD) servers are responsible for resolving the domain names of the highest level, such as .com, .org, etc. The authoritative name servers are responsible for resolving the domain names of individual websites.
Concerning DNS, there are some common issues that can occur, such as DNS cache poisoning, which is when a hacker corrupts a DNS server's cache with a false IP address, leading users to a fake website. Another issue is DNS hijacking, which is when an attacker redirects a user's request from a legitimate website to a fake one.
To prevent these issues, it's essential to use reliable DNS servers, keep your system and web browser updated, and use strong passwords and two-factor authentication. Additionally, DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) can be used to add an extra layer of security to the DNS system, ensuring that the IP address received from a DNS server is legitimate.
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